What Pulmonologists Want You to Know About a Persistent Cough
A cough is one of the most common symptoms patients experience, and in many cases, it goes away on its own. But when a cough lasts longer than expected, it becomes more than just a nuisance. A persistent cough can signal an underlying health issue that requires medical attention. Knowing when to seek help and what might be causing the problem can lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment.
When Does a Cough Become “Persistent”?
A cough that lasts longer than eight weeks in adults or four weeks in children is considered chronic. While temporary coughing is normal, a prolonged cough should never be ignored.
Common Causes of a Chronic Cough
Several conditions can contribute to a persistent cough:
- Asthma
A cough can be the primary or only symptom for some asthma patients. Known as cough-variant asthma, it may worsen at night or during exercise. - Postnasal Drip
Also called upper airway cough syndrome, postnasal drip occurs when mucus from the nose or sinuses drips down the throat, triggering irritation. - GERD
Chronic acid reflux can irritate the throat and airway, leading to a long-lasting dry cough. - Chronic Bronchitis and COPD
Patients with COPD often experience a moist, productive cough due to long-term inflammation and mucus buildup in the airways. - Medications
Certain blood pressure medications, such as ACE inhibitors, can cause a persistent dry cough. - Lung Nodules or Lung Cancer
Though less common, a persistent cough can be an early warning sign of more serious conditions.
When to See a Doctor
If your cough lasts more than a few weeks, worsens over time, or is accompanied by symptoms such as weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pain, or blood in the sputum, medical evaluation is essential. A pulmonologist can perform imaging, pulmonary function tests, and other diagnostics to determine the cause.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying condition. Asthma may require inhalers or biologic therapies. Postnasal drip may be treated with antihistamines or nasal sprays. GERD often improves with diet changes and medication. The key is addressing the root cause, not just the symptom.
Final Thoughts
A chronic cough is your body’s way of communicating that something may be wrong. Paying attention to it and seeking care early can prevent complications and lead to better outcomes.
